{"id":7157,"date":"2026-08-17T14:22:40","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T14:22:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/?p=7157"},"modified":"2026-08-17T14:22:43","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T14:22:43","slug":"%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%ad-%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/ar\/cell-to-module-ratio-explained-etfe-fiberglass-modules\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a ETFE: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 33 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<!-- ===== SECTION 1: TITLE + INTRO ===== -->\n<div style=\"font-family:-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; color:#20303F; line-height:1.7; font-size:17px;\">\n \n \n  <p style=\"font-size:19px; color:#4A5A69; padding:0 0 16px 0; margin:0;\">\n\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647. \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 26.2%. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 33 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4.37 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 144.2 \u0648\u0627\u0637. \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 130 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u061f<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 - \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 <strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (CTM)<\/strong>. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 130 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 ETFE \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627: <strong>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n \n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- ===== SECTION 2: WHAT CTM MEANS ===== -->\n<div style=\"font-family:-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; color:#20303F; line-height:1.7; font-size:17px; padding:26px 0 0 0;\">\n \n  <h2 style=\"font-size:26px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; border-left:5px solid #F58220; padding:0 0 0 12px;\">\n    \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647 CTM \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\n  <\/h2>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:14px 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 CTM \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f STC.<\/p>\n \n  <div style=\"background:#F4F7FA; border:1px solid #DDE5EC; border-radius:6px; padding:18px 20px; margin:0 0 16px 0; text-align:center;\">\n    <span style=\"font-size:20px; color:#0B2E4F; font-weight:600;\">CTM (%) = \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u00f7 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u00d7 100<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 100% \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 CTM \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 <em>\u0641\u0648\u0642<\/em> 100%. \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ise.fraunhofer.de\/en\/research-projects\/ctm-100plus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8; text-decoration:underline;\">104% CTM<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644: \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a ITRPV <a href=\"https:\/\/taiyangnews.info\/gains-losses-at-module-level\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8; text-decoration:underline;\">\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 CTM \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 100% \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021<\/a>, \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 100.5% \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 101%.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n \n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"475\" src=\"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/CTM-analysis-using-SmartCalc.CTM-for-an-optimized-4BB-half-cell-module-1024x475.jpeg\" alt=\"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 CTM \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 SmartCalc.CTM \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 4BB \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0629\" class=\"wp-image-7159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/CTM-analysis-using-SmartCalc.CTM-for-an-optimized-4BB-half-cell-module-1024x475.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/CTM-analysis-using-SmartCalc.CTM-for-an-optimized-4BB-half-cell-module-300x139.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/CTM-analysis-using-SmartCalc.CTM-for-an-optimized-4BB-half-cell-module-768x356.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/CTM-analysis-using-SmartCalc.CTM-for-an-optimized-4BB-half-cell-module-1536x713.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/CTM-analysis-using-SmartCalc.CTM-for-an-optimized-4BB-half-cell-module-18x8.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/CTM-analysis-using-SmartCalc.CTM-for-an-optimized-4BB-half-cell-module-600x278.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/CTM-analysis-using-SmartCalc.CTM-for-an-optimized-4BB-half-cell-module.jpeg 2022w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">CTM 100+ \u2013 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- ===== SECTION 3: THE TWO-NUMBER TRAP ===== -->\n<div style=\"font-family:-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; color:#20303F; line-height:1.7; font-size:17px; padding:26px 0 0 0;\">\n \n  <h2 style=\"font-size:26px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; border-left:5px solid #F58220; padding:0 0 0 12px;\">\n    \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e: \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\n  <\/h2>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:14px 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 20.2% \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 26.2%\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 77.1%\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u064a\u062e\u0633\u0631 23% \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. <strong>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 - \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n \n  <div style=\"background:#0B2E4F; color:#FFFFFF; border-radius:6px; padding:20px 22px; margin:0 0 16px 0;\">\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0 0 10px 0; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.6px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#F58220; font-weight:700;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/p>\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0; font-size:18px; line-height:1.6;\">\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 = \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u00d7 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u00d7 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 CTM<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0628\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n \n<\/div>\n \n\n\n\n\n<!-- ===== SECTION 4: WORKED EXAMPLE ===== -->\n<div style=\"font-family:-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; color:#20303F; line-height:1.7; font-size:17px; padding:26px 0 0 0;\">\n \n  <h2 style=\"font-size:26px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; border-left:5px solid #F58220; padding:0 0 0 12px;\">\n    \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a: 130 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\n  <\/h2>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:14px 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b - \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ETFE \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f 1090 \u00d7 590 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u064833 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 3 \u00d7 11\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 130 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n \n  <!-- IMAGE: Exploded layer diagram of the ETFE \/ EVA-POE \/ CPC \/ fiberglass \/ BC cell stack. Alt: \"Nine-layer ETFE flexible solar panel laminate structure\" -->\n \n  <table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:16px; margin:0 0 18px 0;\">\n    <thead>\n      <tr style=\"background:#0B2E4F; color:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629<\/th>\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628<\/th>\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">182 \u00d7 183.75 \u0645\u0645<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">0.0334 \u0645\u00b2<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#F7F9FB;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 26.2%<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">0.0334 \u00d7 1000 \u00d7 0.262<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">~8.75 \u0648\u0627\u0637<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">8.75 \u00f7 2<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">~4.37 \u0648\u0627\u0637<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#F7F9FB;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 33 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">33 \u00d7 4.37<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>144.2 \u063a\u0631\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c STC<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>130 \u0648\u0627\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFF3E7;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 CTM<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">130 \u00f7 144.2<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>90.2%<\/strong> \u2014 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 14.2 \u0648\u0627\u0637<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 91 \u00d7 183.75 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 33 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 0.552 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 0.643 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 <strong>85.8%<\/strong>.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n \n  <div style=\"background:#F4F7FA; border-left:5px solid #F58220; border-radius:0 6px 6px 0; padding:18px 20px; margin:0 0 16px 0;\">\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0; font-size:18px; color:#0B2E4F;\">26.2% \u00d7 85.8% \u00d7 90.2% = <strong>20.3%<\/strong><\/p>\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:8px 0 0 0; font-size:16px; color:#4A5A69;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a 20.2%. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0646\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064d \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0627 - \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n \n  <div style=\"background:#FFF3E7; border:1px solid #F5C79A; border-radius:6px; padding:18px 20px; margin:0 0 16px 0;\">\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0 0 8px 0; font-weight:700; color:#B45309; font-size:16px;\">\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0 0 10px 0;\"><strong>\u0634\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641.<\/strong> \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 182 \u00d7 183.75 \u0645\u0645 258.6 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 252 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 CTM \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0635\u062d\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 CTM\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0;\"><strong>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d.<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0646 0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 +3% \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u064a CTM \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n \n  <h3 style=\"font-size:20px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; padding:20px 0 10px 0;\">\u0641\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631<\/h3>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> \u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627: 20.13 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u00f7 33 = 0.61 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c 23.45 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u00f7 33 = 0.71 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 0.5 \u0623\u0648 0.9 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\"><strong>\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/strong> \u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 - \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0647\u0646\u0627: 6.77 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u00f7 167.2 \u0633\u0645\u00b2 = <strong>40.5 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n \n  <div style=\"background:#0B2E4F; color:#FFFFFF; border-radius:6px; padding:20px 22px; margin:0 0 16px 0;\">\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0 0 10px 0; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.6px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#F58220; font-weight:700;\">\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0; line-height:1.6;\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0631\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6557081\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#FFC98A; text-decoration:underline;\">43.31 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2<\/a> \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 110 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 40.5 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 94% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649: \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 43 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 46 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2. \u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647: \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n \n<\/div>\n \n\n\n\n\n<!-- ===== SECTION 5: WHERE THE WATTS GO ===== -->\n<div style=\"font-family:-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; color:#20303F; line-height:1.7; font-size:17px; padding:26px 0 0 0;\">\n \n  <h2 style=\"font-size:26px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; border-left:5px solid #F58220; padding:0 0 0 12px;\">\n    \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0640 14 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061f\n  <\/h2>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:14px 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 9.8% \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n \n  <table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:16px; margin:0 0 18px 0;\">\n    <thead>\n      <tr style=\"background:#0B2E4F; color:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u0633\u0628\u0628<\/th>\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u061f<\/th>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0646\u0639\u0645 - \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#F7F9FB;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0646\u0639\u0645 - \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#F7F9FB;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">33 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u2014 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b - \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#EAF4EA;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b <em>\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641<\/em> \u0642\u0648\u0629<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (CTM) \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d.<\/p>\n \n  <h3 style=\"font-size:20px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; padding:20px 0 10px 0;\">\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u062a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n \n  <ul style=\"margin:0; padding:0 0 14px 22px;\">\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 8px 0;\"><strong>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u00f7 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643. \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 8px 0;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/strong> \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a Voc \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639.<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 - \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-magazine.com\/2023\/07\/31\/laser-optimization-for-half-cut-solar-cells\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8; text-decoration:underline;\">\u0645\u0646 3 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5% \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/a> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644. \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f: \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 (ISE) \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tib-op.org\/ojs\/index.php\/siliconpv\/article\/view\/2689\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8; text-decoration:underline;\">\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 0.1%<\/a>, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 85% \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n \n<\/div>\n \n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/solar-cell-laser-cutting-for-manufacturing-custom-solar-panels-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\" class=\"wp-image-7161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/solar-cell-laser-cutting-for-manufacturing-custom-solar-panels-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/solar-cell-laser-cutting-for-manufacturing-custom-solar-panels-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/solar-cell-laser-cutting-for-manufacturing-custom-solar-panels-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/solar-cell-laser-cutting-for-manufacturing-custom-solar-panels-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/solar-cell-laser-cutting-for-manufacturing-custom-solar-panels-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/solar-cell-laser-cutting-for-manufacturing-custom-solar-panels-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/solar-cell-laser-cutting-for-manufacturing-custom-solar-panels.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- ===== SECTION 6: FIBERGLASS ===== -->\n<div style=\"font-family:-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; color:#20303F; line-height:1.7; font-size:17px; padding:26px 0 0 0;\">\n \n  <h2 style=\"font-size:26px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; border-left:5px solid #F58220; padding:0 0 0 12px;\">\n    \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629\n  <\/h2>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:14px 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064e \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0644. \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 - \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c E \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 1.56\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 1.00\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 EVA \u0648POE \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.48. \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.56 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.08\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\"><strong>\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b.<\/strong> \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 0.08 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 EPFL \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644: \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n \n  <div style=\"background:#FFF3E7; border:1px solid #F5C79A; border-radius:6px; padding:18px 20px; margin:0 0 16px 0;\">\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0 0 8px 0; font-weight:700; color:#B45309; font-size:16px;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064d \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0651\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n \n  <h3 style=\"font-size:20px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; padding:20px 0 10px 0;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/h3>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 (EPFL) \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n \n  <table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:16px; margin:0 0 14px 0;\">\n    <thead>\n      <tr style=\"background:#0B2E4F; color:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d<\/th>\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\"><td style=\"padding:9px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 (\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639)<\/td><td style=\"padding:9px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">100%<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#F7F9FB;\"><td style=\"padding:9px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">410 \u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b2<\/td><td style=\"padding:9px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">88%<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\"><td style=\"padding:9px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">820 \u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b2<\/td><td style=\"padding:9px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">83%<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#F7F9FB;\"><td style=\"padding:9px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">1230 \u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b2<\/td><td style=\"padding:9px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">81%<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\"><td style=\"padding:9px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">1640 \u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b2<\/td><td style=\"padding:9px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">75%<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#F7F9FB;\"><td style=\"padding:9px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">3280 \u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b2<\/td><td style=\"padding:9px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">63%<\/td><\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0; font-size:15px; color:#5A6A79;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/infoscience.epfl.ch\/record\/195691\/files\/2_pascual.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8;\">\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 CISBAT 2013<\/a>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 300-800 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n \n  <div style=\"background:#F4F7FA; border:1px solid #DDE5EC; border-radius:6px; padding:18px 20px; margin:0 0 16px 0;\">\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0 0 8px 0; font-weight:700; color:#0B2E4F; font-size:16px;\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 300-800 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 POE \u0623\u0648 EVA \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 1100 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1.56\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647<\/em> \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629: \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f 410 \u063a\/\u0645\u00b2\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 88%. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 &quot;\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061f&quot; <strong>\u0643\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n \n<\/div>\n \n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/E-Glass-Plain-Woven-Type-Fiberglass-Cloth-Fabric-for-Solar-Panels--1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 E-Glass \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \" class=\"wp-image-7162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/E-Glass-Plain-Woven-Type-Fiberglass-Cloth-Fabric-for-Solar-Panels--1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/E-Glass-Plain-Woven-Type-Fiberglass-Cloth-Fabric-for-Solar-Panels--300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/E-Glass-Plain-Woven-Type-Fiberglass-Cloth-Fabric-for-Solar-Panels--768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/E-Glass-Plain-Woven-Type-Fiberglass-Cloth-Fabric-for-Solar-Panels--1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/E-Glass-Plain-Woven-Type-Fiberglass-Cloth-Fabric-for-Solar-Panels--18x10.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/E-Glass-Plain-Woven-Type-Fiberglass-Cloth-Fabric-for-Solar-Panels--600x338.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/E-Glass-Plain-Woven-Type-Fiberglass-Cloth-Fabric-for-Solar-Panels-.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- ===== SECTION 7: FRONT VS REAR ===== -->\n<div style=\"font-family:-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; color:#20303F; line-height:1.7; font-size:17px; padding:26px 0 0 0;\">\n \n  <h2 style=\"font-size:26px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; border-left:5px solid #F58220; padding:0 0 0 12px;\">\n    \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\n  <\/h2>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:14px 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633.<\/p>\n \n  <table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:16px; margin:0 0 18px 0;\">\n    <thead>\n      <tr style=\"background:#0B2E4F; color:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639<\/th>\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 CTM<\/th>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ETFE<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#F7F9FB;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 (EVA \/ POE)<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 (CPC)<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621.<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#F7F9FB;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0628\u061b \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0629\u061b \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#F7F9FB;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 (TPT \/ KPF)<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u061b \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 - \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 <em>\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n \n  <h3 style=\"font-size:20px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; padding:20px 0 10px 0;\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u061f - \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/h3>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ETFE \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 ETFE \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/pronatindustries.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Norton-ETFE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8; text-decoration:underline;\">n = 1.40 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 95%<\/a>. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0644: \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ETFE \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2.8%\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4.3% \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f 1.52. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ETFE \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a - \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2%\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ETFE \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. <a href=\"https:\/\/taiyangnews.info\/gains-losses-at-module-level\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8; text-decoration:underline;\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621<\/a> \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0636\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 1.52 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 41 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a ETFE \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 1.40 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 46 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 - \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 CTM \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631: \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n \n<\/div>\n \n\n\n\n\n<!-- ===== SECTION 8: HAZE ===== -->\n<div style=\"font-family:-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; color:#20303F; line-height:1.7; font-size:17px; padding:26px 0 0 0;\">\n \n  <h2 style=\"font-size:26px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; border-left:5px solid #F58220; padding:0 0 0 12px;\">\n    \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\n  <\/h2>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:14px 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f - \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 90% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0651\u062a\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0643\u0647. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 (EPFL) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c <a href=\"https:\/\/re-cognition-project.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/4BO.11.5_paper_LiscoF_EUPVSEC2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8; text-decoration:underline;\">\u064a\u0628\u062b \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 EVA \u0648POE \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 90%<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 350 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1100 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &quot;\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a&quot; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n \n  <!-- IMAGE: Side-by-side of a dry fiberglass mat and the same mat after lamination. Alt: \"Dry fiberglass compared with laminated fiberglass showing improved translucency\" -->\n \n<\/div>\n \n\n\n\n\n<!-- ===== SECTION 9: BENCHMARKS ===== -->\n<div style=\"font-family:-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; color:#20303F; line-height:1.7; font-size:17px; padding:26px 0 0 0;\">\n \n  <h2 style=\"font-size:26px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; border-left:5px solid #F58220; padding:0 0 0 12px;\">\n    \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\n  <\/h2>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:14px 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ETFE \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 CTM \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n \n  <table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:16px; margin:0 0 14px 0;\">\n    <thead>\n      <tr style=\"background:#0B2E4F; color:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644<\/th>\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c CTM \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627<\/th>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">&gt;100.5%<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#F7F9FB;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">~101%<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">~97\u2013100%<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFF3E7;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ETFE \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>~88\u201394%<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ETFE \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">~92\u201396%<\/td>\n        <td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0; font-size:15px; color:#5A6A79;\">\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/taiyangnews.info\/gains-losses-at-module-level\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8;\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 ITRPV<\/a>. \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n \n  <div style=\"background:#F4F7FA; border-left:5px solid #F58220; border-radius:0 6px 6px 0; padding:18px 20px; margin:0 0 16px 0;\">\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0 0 8px 0; font-weight:700; color:#0B2E4F; font-size:16px;\">\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/p>\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (IEC) \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 (CTM). \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 61215 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 60904 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633: \u0623\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 CTM \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a - \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 90% \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 99% \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n \n<\/div>\n \n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><a href=\"\/ar\/%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%84\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ETFE-semi-flexible-solar-module-with-fiberglass-mechanical-durability-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ETFE-semi-flexible-solar-module-with-fiberglass-mechanical-durability-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ETFE-semi-flexible-solar-module-with-fiberglass-mechanical-durability-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ETFE-semi-flexible-solar-module-with-fiberglass-mechanical-durability-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ETFE-semi-flexible-solar-module-with-fiberglass-mechanical-durability-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ETFE-semi-flexible-solar-module-with-fiberglass-mechanical-durability-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ETFE-semi-flexible-solar-module-with-fiberglass-mechanical-durability-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ETFE-semi-flexible-solar-module-with-fiberglass-mechanical-durability-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ETFE-semi-flexible-solar-module-with-fiberglass-mechanical-durability-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ETFE-semi-flexible-solar-module-with-fiberglass-mechanical-durability-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ETFE-semi-flexible-solar-module-with-fiberglass-mechanical-durability.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- ===== SECTION 10: HOW TO TEST ===== -->\n<div style=\"font-family:-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; color:#20303F; line-height:1.7; font-size:17px; padding:26px 0 0 0;\">\n \n  <h2 style=\"font-size:26px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; border-left:5px solid #F58220; padding:0 0 0 12px;\">\n    \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643\n  <\/h2>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:14px 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b - \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643:<\/p>\n \n  <table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:16px; margin:0 0 18px 0;\">\n    <thead>\n      <tr style=\"background:#0B2E4F; color:#FFFFFF;\">\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n        <th style=\"text-align:left; padding:11px 12px; border:1px solid #0B2E4F;\">\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\"><td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>\u0623<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ETFE + \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#F7F9FB;\"><td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>B<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 A+<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#FFFFFF;\"><td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>C<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0628 + \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u062c \u00f7 \u0628)<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr style=\"background:#F7F9FB;\"><td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\"><strong>D<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 12px; border:1px solid #DDE5EC;\">\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 300-1200 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0643. \u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 C \u00f7 B \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a.<\/p>\n \n  <div style=\"background:#FFF3E7; border:1px solid #F5C79A; border-radius:6px; padding:18px 20px; margin:0 0 16px 0;\">\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0 0 8px 0; font-weight:700; color:#B45309; font-size:16px;\">\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0643 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n    <p style=\"margin:0; padding:0;\">\u062a\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 EPFL \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 - \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632... <em>\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/em>, \u0648\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 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style=\"padding:0 0 10px 0;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 <em>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/em> \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 - \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u061f<\/li>\n      <li style=\"padding:0 0 10px 0;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n      <li style=\"padding:0 0 10px 0;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 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style=\"font-size:24px; color:#FFFFFF; margin:0; font-weight:700; padding:0 0 14px 0;\">\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637<\/h2>\n \n  <ul style=\"margin:0; padding:0 0 0 20px;\">\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 10px 0;\">\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 CTM \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 100% \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 10px 0;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 10px 0;\">\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 = \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u00d7 CTM. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 10px 0;\">\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 (Isc) \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 ~43 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 10px 0;\">\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 0.61 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 (Vmp)\u060c \u06480.71 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (Voc).<\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 10px 0;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 Isc \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a Voc \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 10px 0;\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 90% CTM \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 ETFE \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629.<\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 10px 0;\">\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a - \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631. \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646.<\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0;\">\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ETFE \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n \n<\/div>\n \n\n\n\n\n\n<!-- ===== SECTION 13: FAQ ===== -->\n<div style=\"font-family:-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; color:#20303F; line-height:1.7; font-size:17px; padding:30px 0 0 0;\">\n \n  <h2 style=\"font-size:26px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; border-left:5px solid #F58220; padding:0 0 0 12px;\">\n    \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\n  <\/h2>\n \n  <h3 style=\"font-size:19px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; padding:20px 0 6px 0;\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 12px 0; margin:0;\">\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (STC) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a 100. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 (130 \u0648\u0627\u0637): 130 \u00f7 144.2 = 90.2%. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n \n  <h3 style=\"font-size:19px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; padding:20px 0 6px 0;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 12px 0; margin:0;\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 ETFE \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 88 \u064894%. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 100% \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647. \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n \n  <h3 style=\"font-size:19px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; padding:20px 0 6px 0;\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 12px 0; margin:0;\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646. \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 14%\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a CTM \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10%.<\/p>\n \n  <h3 style=\"font-size:19px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; padding:20px 0 6px 0;\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 12px 0; margin:0;\">\u062a\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n \n  <h3 style=\"font-size:19px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; padding:20px 0 6px 0;\">\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/h3>\n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 12px 0; margin:0;\">\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.1% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n \n  <h3 style=\"font-size:19px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; padding:20px 0 6px 0;\">\u0647\u0644 CTM \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n  <p style=\"padding:0; margin:0;\">\u0644\u0627. \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 61215\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 60904\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 CTM \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n \n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- ===== SECTION 14: CTA ===== -->\n<div style=\"font-family:-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; color:#20303F; line-height:1.7; font-size:17px; background:#F4F7FA; border:1px solid #DDE5EC; border-left:6px solid #F58220; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:26px 28px; margin:30px 0 0 0;\">\n \n  <h2 style=\"font-size:24px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; padding:0 0 12px 0;\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\">\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636. \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642. \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 14px 0; margin:0;\"><strong>\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a - \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a - \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 16px 0; margin:0;\">\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Coulee \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a ETFE \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a BC \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a BIPV \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a OEM\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 - \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:0 0 6px 0; margin:0; font-size:18px;\">\n    <strong style=\"color:#0B2E4F;\">\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> <a href=\"mailto:info@couleenergy.com\" style=\"color:#1466A8; text-decoration:underline;\">info@couleenergy.com<\/a><br>\n    <strong style=\"color:#0B2E4F;\">\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641:<\/strong> <a href=\"tel:+17377020119\" style=\"color:#1466A8; text-decoration:underline;\">+1 737 702 0119<\/a><br>\n    <strong style=\"color:#0B2E4F;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/ar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8; text-decoration:underline;\">couleenergy.com<\/a>\n  <\/p>\n \n  <p style=\"padding:14px 0 0 0; margin:0; font-size:15px; color:#5A6A79;\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u00b7 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u00b7 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n \n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- ===== SECTION 15: SOURCES ===== -->\n<div style=\"font-family:-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; color:#4A5A69; line-height:1.7; font-size:15px; padding:30px 0 0 0;\">\n \n  <h3 style=\"font-size:19px; color:#0B2E4F; margin:0; font-weight:700; padding:0 0 10px 0;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n \n  <ol style=\"margin:0; padding:0 0 0 20px;\">\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 8px 0;\">\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ise.fraunhofer.de\/en\/research-projects\/ctm-100plus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8;\">CTM 100+: \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 8px 0;\">\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell-to-module.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8;\">\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a SmartCalc.CTM \/ SmartCalc.Module<\/a><\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 8px 0;\">\u0631\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0632\u060c, <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 IEEE \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/em> (2013) \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6557081\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8;\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/a> (29.43% \u0648 43.31 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 8px 0;\">\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/pronatindustries.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Norton-ETFE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 ETFE \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u00ae<\/a> (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 8px 0;\">\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0634\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0631 (EPFL\u060c CISBAT 2013) \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/infoscience.epfl.ch\/record\/195691\/files\/2_pascual.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8;\">\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 8px 0;\">\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 (EPFL\u060c EU PVSEC 2020) \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/re-cognition-project.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/4BO.11.5_paper_LiscoF_EUPVSEC2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8;\">\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c<\/a><\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 8px 0;\">\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a 2025) \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tib-op.org\/ojs\/index.php\/siliconpv\/article\/view\/2689\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8;\">\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 TOPCon \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 TLS \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 Al\u2082O\u2083<\/a><\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0 0 8px 0;\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-magazine.com\/2023\/07\/31\/laser-optimization-for-half-cut-solar-cells\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8;\">\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n    <li style=\"padding:0;\">\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/taiyangnews.info\/gains-losses-at-module-level\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#1466A8;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a ITRPV \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629)<\/a><\/li>\n  <\/ol>\n \n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647: \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 26.2%\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 33 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 130 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 144\u061f \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7164,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"Cell-to-Module Ratio Explained for Flexible Solar Panels","_seopress_titles_desc":"Why a 130 W flexible panel holds 144 W of cells. Cell-to-module ratio explained, with a worked example and three datasheet checks buyers can run.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":8}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7157"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7157\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7166,"href":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7157\/revisions\/7166"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7164"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7157"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0648\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}