{"id":6900,"date":"2026-06-05T14:44:15","date_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:44:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/?p=6900"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:51:54","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:51:54","slug":"%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/ar\/anti-soiling-solar-panel\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u062e\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n\/* \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n   ALL rules scoped to #cou-as \u2014 safe for any WordPress theme.\n   No global resets. No body\/html overrides.\n   padding-top replaces margin-top throughout to prevent\n   WordPress theme margin-collapse.\n\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n\n#cou-as {\n  font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;\n  font-size: 1rem;\n  line-height: 1.78;\n  color: #1a1a1a;\n  max-width: 860px;\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n#cou-as *,\n#cou-as *::before,\n#cou-as *::after {\n  box-sizing: inherit;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 HEADINGS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n#cou-as h1 {\n  font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;\n  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 3vw, 1.9rem);\n  font-weight: 900;\n  color: #0a2e20;\n  line-height: 1.22;\n  border-bottom: 3px solid #f5a623;\n  padding-bottom: 14px;\n  margin-bottom: 8px;\n  margin-top: 0;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-subtitle {\n  font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;\n  font-size: 0.95rem;\n  color: #3a6050;\n  margin-bottom: 22px;\n  font-style: italic;\n}\n#cou-as h2 {\n  font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;\n  font-size: 1.28rem;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  color: #0d3b2e;\n  border-left: 4px solid #f5a623;\n  \/* padding-top replaces margin-top to prevent WP theme collapse *\/\n  padding-top: 32px;\n  padding-left: 14px;\n  padding-bottom: 0;\n  margin-top: 0;\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n#cou-as h3 {\n  font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;\n  font-size: 1.02rem;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  color: #0d3b2e;\n  padding-top: 18px;\n  margin-top: 0;\n  margin-bottom: 6px;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 BODY COPY \u2500\u2500 *\/\n#cou-as p  { margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0; }\n#cou-as ul,\n#cou-as ol { padding-left: 1.45rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0; }\n#cou-as li { margin-bottom: 5px; }\n#cou-as strong { color: #0a2e20; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 INTRO BOX \u2500\u2500 *\/\n#cou-as .cou-intro {\n  background: #f0f7f4;\n  border-left: 5px solid #1a7c52;\n  padding: 16px 20px;\n  border-radius: 0 7px 7px 0;\n  margin-bottom: 24px;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-intro p {\n  margin: 0;\n  font-size: 1.03rem;\n  color: #1a3a2a;\n  line-height: 1.72;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 STAT ROW \u2500\u2500 *\/\n#cou-as .cou-stats {\n  display: flex;\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n  gap: 10px;\n  \/* padding-top instead of margin-top *\/\n  padding-top: 18px;\n  margin-bottom: 4px;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-stat {\n  flex: 1 1 165px;\n  background: #fff8ee;\n  border: 1px solid #f5c97a;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 13px 12px;\n  text-align: center;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-stat-n {\n  font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;\n  font-size: 1.8rem;\n  font-weight: 900;\n  color: #c96b00;\n  display: block;\n  line-height: 1.1;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-stat-l {\n  font-size: 0.76rem;\n  color: #5a4020;\n  display: block;\n  padding-top: 4px;\n  line-height: 1.4;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 COMPARISON TABLE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n#cou-as .cou-tbl-wrap {\n  \/* padding-top instead of margin-top *\/\n  padding-top: 16px;\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\n  overflow-x: auto;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-tbl {\n  width: 100%;\n  border-collapse: collapse;\n  font-size: 0.88rem;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-tbl th {\n  background: #0d3b2e;\n  color: #fff;\n  padding: 9px 12px;\n  text-align: left;\n  font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;\n  font-size: 0.84rem;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-tbl td {\n  padding: 8px 12px;\n  border-bottom: 1px solid #ddeee7;\n  vertical-align: top;\n  line-height: 1.55;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-tbl tr:nth-child(even) td { background: #f5fbf8; }\n#cou-as .cou-tbl td:first-child { font-weight: 600; color: #0d3b2e; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 WARNING BOX \u2500\u2500 *\/\n#cou-as .cou-warn {\n  background: #fff4e5;\n  border-left: 5px solid #e07b00;\n  \/* padding-top replaces margin-top *\/\n  padding: 13px 18px;\n  border-radius: 0 7px 7px 0;\n  padding-top: 16px;\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-warn p {\n  margin: 0;\n  font-size: 0.92rem;\n  color: #5a3000;\n  line-height: 1.65;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-warn strong { color: #b85e00; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 CHECKLIST \u2500\u2500 *\/\n#cou-as .cou-check {\n  list-style: none;\n  padding-left: 0;\n  margin-bottom: 1rem;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-check li {\n  padding-left: 1.7rem;\n  position: relative;\n  margin-bottom: 6px;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-check li::before {\n  content: \"\u2713\";\n  position: absolute;\n  left: 0;\n  color: #1a7c52;\n  font-weight: 700;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 FAQ \u2500\u2500 *\/\n#cou-as .cou-faq-item {\n  border-bottom: 1px solid #e0ece7;\n  padding-top: 14px;\n  padding-bottom: 14px;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-faq-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }\n#cou-as .cou-faq-q {\n  font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  font-size: 0.97rem;\n  color: #0d3b2e;\n  margin-bottom: 6px;\n  margin-top: 0;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-faq-a {\n  font-size: 0.93rem;\n  color: #2a2a2a;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n  margin: 0;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 SOURCE NOTE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n#cou-as .cou-src {\n  font-size: 0.75rem;\n  color: #777;\n  font-style: italic;\n  \/* padding-top replaces margin-top *\/\n  padding-top: 4px;\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\n  line-height: 1.55;\n  border-left: 2px solid #d0e8d8;\n  padding-left: 8px;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-src a { color: #1a7c52; text-decoration: none; }\n#cou-as .cou-src a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 DIVIDER \u2500\u2500\n   Use display:block + padding instead of margin-top to prevent WP collapse *\/\n#cou-as .cou-hr {\n  display: block;\n  border: none;\n  border-top: 2px solid #ddeee7;\n  padding-top: 0;\n  padding-bottom: 0;\n  margin: 0;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-hr-wrap {\n  padding-top: 28px;\n  padding-bottom: 28px;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 MARKET CALLOUT \u2500\u2500 *\/\n#cou-as .cou-market {\n  background: #eef7ff;\n  border: 1px solid #b0d4f0;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 14px 18px;\n  \/* padding-top replaces margin-top *\/\n  padding-top: 14px;\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-market p {\n  margin: 0;\n  font-size: 0.88rem;\n  color: #1a3050;\n  line-height: 1.65;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 CTA \u2500\u2500\n   Use a padding wrapper instead of margin-top on the box itself *\/\n#cou-as .cou-cta-wrap {\n  padding-top: 36px;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-cta {\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0a2e20 0%, #1a7c52 100%);\n  color: #fff;\n  padding: 26px 28px;\n  border-radius: 12px;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-cta h3 {\n  font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;\n  font-size: 1.15rem;\n  color: #fff;\n  padding-top: 0;\n  margin-top: 0;\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-cta p {\n  color: #c8e8d8;\n  font-size: 0.95rem;\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\n  line-height: 1.65;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-cta-links {\n  display: flex;\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n  gap: 16px;\n  \/* padding-top instead of margin-top *\/\n  padding-top: 4px;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-cta a {\n  color: #f5a623;\n  text-decoration: none;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  font-size: 0.93rem;\n}\n#cou-as .cou-cta a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 RESPONSIVE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n  #cou-as h1   { font-size: 1.3rem; }\n  #cou-as h2   { font-size: 1.1rem; }\n  #cou-as .cou-stat-n { font-size: 1.4rem; }\n  #cou-as .cou-tbl    { font-size: 0.78rem; }\n  #cou-as .cou-tbl th,\n  #cou-as .cou-tbl td { padding: 6px 8px; }\n  #cou-as .cou-cta    { padding: 20px 18px; }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<div id=\"cou-as\">\n\n  <h1>\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u062e: \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/h1>\n  <p class=\"cou-subtitle\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n  <div class=\"cou-intro\">\n    <p>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d - \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 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\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- \u2550\u2550\u2550 SECTION 1 \u2550\u2550\u2550 -->\n  <h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 - \u0648\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/h2>\n\n  <p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n  <ul>\n    <li>\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d<\/li>\n    <li>\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/li>\n    <li>\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n    <li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/li>\n    <li>\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n    <li>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n    <li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n    <li>\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n\n  <p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/iea-pvps.org\/fact-sheets\/fs-soiling-losses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 IEA-PVPS (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 13 \u0648 16\u060c 2026)<\/a> \u2014 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u2014 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 <strong>4-7% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064e \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064c \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (IEA-PVPS) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064d \u0645\u064f\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0645: \u0625\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u062a\u062f\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n  <p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u062f\u062d\u0629. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 40 \u064880%\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 80%. \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a 65% \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 (NREL) \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10% \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1%.<\/p>\n\n  <div class=\"cou-stats\">\n    <div class=\"cou-stat\">\n      <span class=\"cou-stat-n\">4\u20137%<\/span>\n      <span class=\"cou-stat-l\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b (IEA-PVPS\u060c 2026) - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"cou-stat\">\n      <span class=\"cou-stat-n\">\u062d\u062a\u0649 80%<\/span>\n      <span class=\"cou-stat-l\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"cou-stat\">\n      <span class=\"cou-stat-n\">~1% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 ~10%<\/span>\n      <span class=\"cou-stat-l\">\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062e - \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"cou-stat\">\n      <span class=\"cou-stat-n\">64.7%<\/span>\n      <span class=\"cou-stat-l\">\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 (Isc) \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 10 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0631<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <p class=\"cou-src\">\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/iea-pvps.org\/fact-sheets\/fs-soiling-losses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (2026)<\/a> \u00b7 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 NREL (\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 NREL\/OSTI) \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-magazine.com\/2024\/11\/08\/anti-soiling-coating-increases-pv-panel-current-in-arid-regions-by-64-7\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024)<\/a>. \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 64.7% \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 (Isc) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n\n  <div class=\"cou-hr-wrap\"><hr class=\"cou-hr\"><\/div>\n\n  <!-- \u2550\u2550\u2550 SECTION 2 \u2550\u2550\u2550 -->\n  <h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n  <p>\u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n\n  <p><strong>\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n  <p><strong>\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u062e<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &quot;\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631&quot; \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 82 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n  <div class=\"cou-tbl-wrap\">\n    <table class=\"cou-tbl\">\n      <thead>\n        <tr>\n          <th>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n          <th>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n          <th>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u062e<\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n      <\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr>\n          <td>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n          <td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d<\/td>\n          <td>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n          <td>\u0643\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 + \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n          <td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n    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class=\"cou-hr\"><\/div>\n\n  <!-- \u2550\u2550\u2550 SECTION 4 \u2550\u2550\u2550 -->\n  <h2>\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n  <h3>1. \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n  <p>\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 STC \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 31 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a\/3 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 1.41 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a\/3 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a <em>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em> (2023) \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-magazine.com\/2023\/10\/05\/novel-thin-film-anti-soiling-coating-increases-solar-module-yield-by-over-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-magazine.com\/2023\/05\/26\/anti-soiling-pv-coating-delivers-3-boost-in-energy-production\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/a> (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 ChemiTek\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629) \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 3% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n  <h3>2. \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/h3>\n  <p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a. <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10199190\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/a>, \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 50% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 (HP+ \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Rads Global Business) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 2.5 \u06484 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n\n  <h3>3. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641<\/h3>\n  <p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0634 \u062e\u0634\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 ETFE \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a ETFE \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a BIPV\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n\n  <h3>4. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n  <p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c 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\u0628\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641. <em>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/em><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a 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<li><strong>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u061f<\/strong> \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 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