{"id":6691,"date":"2026-03-21T13:54:09","date_gmt":"2026-03-21T13:54:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/?p=6691"},"modified":"2026-03-21T13:54:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T13:54:13","slug":"%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/ar\/how-to-choose-a-flexible-solar-panel-manufacturer\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0646 1.5 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3 \u0645\u0645<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 VHB \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d: ETFE \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 PET<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ETFE (\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646)<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">PET (\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621<\/strong><\/td><td>90\u201395% \u2014 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><td>~85\u201390% \u2014 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 - \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ETFE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/a>)<\/td><td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 - \u0627\u0635\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 1-3 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/td><td>150-165 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u061b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: 150 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629: \u062d\u062a\u0649 165 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td><td>\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \/ \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 - \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (WVTR) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 (&gt;5 \u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b2\/\u064a\u0648\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0642 45 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u061b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>~20\u201335% \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 PET<\/td><td>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/strong><\/td><td>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \/ \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c,&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ETFE \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/strong>. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (WVTR) \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PET \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 45 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 - \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a - \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 1-3 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 ETFE \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (20-35%) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a PET \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f ETFE \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 PERC \/ TOPCon)<\/strong><\/td><td>19\u201322.5%<\/td><td>30-240 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/td><td>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ETFE<\/td><td>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td><td>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>CIGS \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>15\u201320%<\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629)<\/td><td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td><td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td><td>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a (IBC \/ HPBC \/ ABC)<\/strong><\/td><td>21\u201324%+<\/td><td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td><td>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td><td>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c BIPV<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 PERC \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 TOPCon \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 CIGS<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (-0.36%\/\u00b0C \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 -0.39 \u0625\u0644\u0649 -0.45%\/\u00b0C \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 15-20%\u060c \u0645\u0639&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/solarbuy.com\/solar-101\/cigs-thin-film-solar-panels\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 22.2%<\/a>&nbsp;\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 EMPA \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a (IBC\u060c HPBC\u060c ABC)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cleanenergyreviews.info\/blog\/most-efficient-solar-panels\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (21\u201324%+)<\/a>. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a OEM \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><img alt=\"\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/How-to-Choose-the-Best-Marine-Flexible-Solar-Panels-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-6695\" srcset=\"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/How-to-Choose-the-Best-Marine-Flexible-Solar-Panels-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/How-to-Choose-the-Best-Marine-Flexible-Solar-Panels-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/How-to-Choose-the-Best-Marine-Flexible-Solar-Panels-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/How-to-Choose-the-Best-Marine-Flexible-Solar-Panels-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/How-to-Choose-the-Best-Marine-Flexible-Solar-Panels-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/How-to-Choose-the-Best-Marine-Flexible-Solar-Panels-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/How-to-Choose-the-Best-Marine-Flexible-Solar-Panels.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 LONGi\u060c Tongwei\u060c Risen\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629: PERC\u060c TOPCon\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:&nbsp;<strong>19%<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a (IBC \/ HPBC \/ ABC):&nbsp;<strong>21%+<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f&nbsp;<strong>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a STC \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 NOCT<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (STC).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 - \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 - \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0625\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0647 (\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a - \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u064a\u064f\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>POE (\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (PID) \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 EVA\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-magazine.com\/2024\/03\/08\/longi-introduces-hpbc-photovoltaic-modules-with-22-8-efficiency\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 LONGi \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 7 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641<\/a>&nbsp;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a POE Hi-MO X6 Guardian \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 EVA\u061b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 3 \u0625\u0644\u0649 7 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629.&nbsp;<em>\u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 TOPCon\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 HJT\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>EPE (EVA-POE-EVA):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 - \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 (POE) \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (PID)\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a (EVA) \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0642. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 TOPCon \u0648HJT \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 IP67 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u061b;&nbsp;<strong>IP68<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 MC4\u060c \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 AWG.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628: \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641 L\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643: \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0640<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 CE<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a - \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td><td>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>IEC 61215:2021 \/ IEC 61730:2023<\/strong><\/td><td>\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a (IEC 61215:2021\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (IEC 61730:2023\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a) - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 61215:2021 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 (MQT 22)<\/strong>. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 MQT 22 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/td><td>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>T\u00dcV \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \/ T\u00dcV \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>RoHS<\/strong><\/td><td>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 - \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>IP67 \/ IP68 (\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u061b IP67 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c IP68 (\u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u064a) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>IEC 61701:2020 \u2014 \u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 6)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 112 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \/ 5%) \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 61701 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/td><td>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 IEC 61701 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627: \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 3 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 14 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646.&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 6 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 112 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.5 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (EL):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 (100%) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (STC).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (HV):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064a:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 (IEC 61215:2021 MQT 22 - \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u0623\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 2021\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 61215:2016 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0648\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 MQT 22 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 (IEC 61215:2021 MQT 13):<\/strong>&nbsp;1000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 85 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 85% \u2014 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 61215 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.6 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (FOB\u060c CIF\u060c DAP)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u064a (L\/C)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a - \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f HS 8541.40.\u00a0<em>\u0647\u0627\u0645: \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-magazine.com\/2018\/08\/31\/eu-ends-mip-against-chinese\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 3 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2018<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644.<\/em>\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: (\u0623)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu\/industry\/sustainability\/net-zero-industry-act_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 (NZIA\u060c \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a 29 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2024)<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f) \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u00a0<strong>30 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2025<\/strong>, \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u061b (\u0628) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 - \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u061b (\u062c) \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 - \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Lightweight-Bendable-Solar-Module-with-BC-Technology-and-ETFE-Coating-All-Black-Design-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 BC \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 ETFE\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\" class=\"wp-image-6618\" srcset=\"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Lightweight-Bendable-Solar-Module-with-BC-Technology-and-ETFE-Coating-All-Black-Design-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Lightweight-Bendable-Solar-Module-with-BC-Technology-and-ETFE-Coating-All-Black-Design-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Lightweight-Bendable-Solar-Module-with-BC-Technology-and-ETFE-Coating-All-Black-Design-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Lightweight-Bendable-Solar-Module-with-BC-Technology-and-ETFE-Coating-All-Black-Design-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Lightweight-Bendable-Solar-Module-with-BC-Technology-and-ETFE-Coating-All-Black-Design-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Lightweight-Bendable-Solar-Module-with-BC-Technology-and-ETFE-Coating-All-Black-Design-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Lightweight-Bendable-Solar-Module-with-BC-Technology-and-ETFE-Coating-All-Black-Design-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Lightweight-Bendable-Solar-Module-with-BC-Technology-and-ETFE-Coating-All-Black-Design-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Lightweight-Bendable-Solar-Module-with-BC-Technology-and-ETFE-Coating-All-Black-Design-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Lightweight-Bendable-Solar-Module-with-BC-Technology-and-ETFE-Coating-All-Black-Design.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 10 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 400 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a: 12 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 36 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 48 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627: \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 Vmp \/ Imp \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f: \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644: \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0630\u0648 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0642)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629: \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (1.5-3 \u0645\u0645) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628: \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641 D\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u060c \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.3 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a: \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629: \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a 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\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2026) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629&nbsp;<strong>10\u201315% \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0665. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0664-\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0665 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u274c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PET \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 ETFE \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (WVTR &gt; 5 \u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b2\/\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 45 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0635\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 1-3 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ETFE (20-35%) \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0645 15-25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u274c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 17% \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 22% \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 23% \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 TOPCon \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u274c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 IEC 61701 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/salt-mist\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 61701 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/a>.&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 6<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 112 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 5% \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 2%\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646. \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 3 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 4 (14-28 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:&nbsp;<strong>\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 IEC 61215 PAN<\/strong>&nbsp;(1000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 85 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \/ 85% RH). \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 6 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><img alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"484\" src=\"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Solar-Panels-By-The-Sea-And-Corrosion-Resistance.jpeg\" class=\"wp-image-6694\" srcset=\"https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Solar-Panels-By-The-Sea-And-Corrosion-Resistance.jpeg 650w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Solar-Panels-By-The-Sea-And-Corrosion-Resistance-300x223.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Solar-Panels-By-The-Sea-And-Corrosion-Resistance-16x12.jpeg 16w, https:\/\/couleenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Solar-Panels-By-The-Sea-And-Corrosion-Resistance-600x447.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u274c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ETFE \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 IEC\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PoE\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IP68\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 30-40% \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PET \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 ETFE\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u274c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (B2B) \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b. \u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b:&nbsp;<em>\u201c&quot;\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u061f&quot;\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b. \u062a\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 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\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a - ETFE \u0623\u0645 PET\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 - EVA \u0623\u0648 POE \u0623\u0648 EPE\u061f \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 (IP) \u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 EL \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d 100% \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 EL\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645&nbsp;<strong>IEC 61215:2021<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0648&nbsp;<strong>IEC 61730:2023<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u061f \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 61215:2021\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 MQT 22 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u061f (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 61215:2016 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 IEC 61701 (\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d) \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u061f&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u061f \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 6\u061f<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 (IEC 61215 MQT 13: 85 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \/ 85% RH\u060c 1000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0645\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 (\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0630\u0648 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641 L)\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \/ \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.3 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 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\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 HS 8541.40 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a NZIA \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0642 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